Archive: 9 August 2026
Showing 401-450 of 715 articles
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:33 WIB
Kebaya Movement Opens Economic Opportunities for SMEs and Creative Industries
The growing popularity of kebaya, especially among young Indonesians, is creating significant economic opportunities for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Business owners report sales increases of up to 300 per cent, driven by a cultural movement that blends heritage with modern design. Experts highlight the role of innovation and cultural consciousness in transforming the traditional garment into a dynamic part of the creative economy.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:32 WIB
Stock Trading Data Closes Mostly Positive Over the Past Week
The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) reported a broadly positive performance for the trading week ending 7 August 2026, with the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) strengthening 2.78 per cent to 6,409. The bourse also celebrated a significant milestone as the total number of capital market investors officially surpassed 30 million Single Investor Identifications (SIDs), reflecting growing public participation.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:31 WIB
Indonesian govt to reactivate game rating system later this year
The Indonesian government is set to reinstate its age-based game rating system later this year following a suspension caused by incorrect ratings on platforms like Steam. A comprehensive review involving policy adjustments, system architecture, and consultations with industry bodies and parenting groups is currently underway. The Ministry of Communication and Digital has assured that access to unrated games will not be restricted during the evaluation period.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:31 WIB
Bromo Wildfire Spreads, Tourist Access to Mount Bromo Fully Closed from 8 August
A wildfire in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park has intensified, forcing authorities to completely shut down all tourist access to Mount Bromo starting Saturday, 8 August. The closure affects all entry points as firefighting efforts continue, with the cause of the blaze still under investigation. Visitors with existing bookings are being offered rescheduling or refund options.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:30 WIB
JIS Event Visitors Can Now Park at Ancol
The Jakarta provincial government has facilitated a cooperation agreement allowing visitors to Jakarta International Stadium (JIS) events to use Ancol's parking facilities. The arrangement aims to address parking shortages during major events, with visitors paying standard JIS parking rates and being exempt from Ancol's entry fee. This initiative follows the recent inauguration of a connecting bridge between the two venues.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:30 WIB
New Era of Biotechnology: AI Now Capable of Designing Viruses
Scientists have successfully used artificial intelligence to design functional viruses in a breakthrough that could transform phage therapy and drug development. The research, which involved creating bacteriophages to kill antibiotic-resistant E. coli, has prompted urgent calls for new governance frameworks. Experts warn that while the technology holds great promise, the ability to synthesise AI-designed viral genomes currently lacks adequate biosafety and biosecurity regulations.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:30 WIB
Iran Sets Conditions for Reopening Strait of Hormuz, Demands War Damage Compensation
Iran has outlined a series of preconditions for reopening the Strait of Hormuz, including compensation for war damages and the cessation of military actions against its allies. The demands, which also include the lifting of sanctions and the release of frozen assets, threaten to complicate negotiations over the critical energy shipping route. The announcement comes amid heightened regional tensions and a reported decline in maritime traffic through the strait.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:28 WIB
One Ru'ya for One Earth
An opinion piece argues for a unified global Islamic calendar based on a single hilal sighting, lamenting the annual disunity among Muslims over the start of Ramadan and Eid. The author uses a hadith and the consistent progression of sunset times worldwide to support the case for a single day of observance. The article calls on the Ministry of Religious Affairs to realise this unity.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:28 WIB
August Reshuffle: Experts Highlight Proposal to Replace Civilian Deputy Defence Minister
A cabinet reshuffle is anticipated in August 2026, with the vacant post of Deputy Minister of Defence drawing attention following the departure of its previous officeholder. Intelligence and defence analyst Wawan H Purwanto emphasised that the appointment is the President's prerogative, hinging on trust and capability. Businessman Norman Joesoef, who has a background in defence industry exports, has been mentioned as a potential candidate.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:26 WIB
The Illusion of Our Economic Sovereignty
Despite political rhetoric championing economic sovereignty under President Prabowo Subianto, Indonesia's economy remains deeply dependent on volatile global commodity prices and foreign capital. While headline growth figures appear robust, structural reliance on primary exports and external factors like geopolitical tensions expose the fragility of this claimed independence. The government's populist social programmes risk becoming fiscal burdens without addressing fundamental issues such as social inequality and bureaucratic corruption.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:26 WIB
Domestic Tourism Trips Rise, Outbound Travel Declines
Indonesia's tourism sector recorded positive growth in the first half of 2026, driven by a rise in domestic trips and foreign arrivals. The country achieved the second-highest growth in foreign tourist visits in Southeast Asia, while outbound travel by Indonesian citizens fell, resulting in a visit surplus. The government attributed the performance to adaptive market strategies and enhanced promotion.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:26 WIB
Golo Koe Festival: Catholic Church's Ecological Critique of Labuan Bajo Tourism
The Catholic Diocese of Labuan Bajo is using the Golo Koe Festival to issue a strong ecological warning amidst rapid tourism development in West Manggarai. The Church argues that economic progress must not sacrifice the environment or displace local communities. The festival, featuring a sea procession and community clean-ups, aims to promote a sustainable synergy between economic growth and environmental protection.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:25 WIB
Klungkung's TOSS Centre Reopens for Village Waste, Capacity Set at 4 Tonnes Daily
The Karangdadi TOSS Centre in Klungkung, Bali, has resumed accepting waste shipments from villages after a months-long suspension, with a limited capacity of 4 tonnes per day. The facility is utilising a new pyrolysis machine with an 8-tonne-per-hour capacity, which officials hope will fully resolve the region's waste backlog by the end of the year. Village leaders have welcomed the reopening but requested that shipment quotas be adjusted based on each village's size and waste production.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:23 WIB
Indonesian Navy Foils Smuggling of 1.3 Tonnes of Ketamine from MV King Sun
The Indonesian Navy, in a joint operation, has intercepted nearly 1.3 tonnes of ketamine from the Tanzanian-flagged vessel MV King Sun in the waters north of Tanjung Berakit, Riau Islands. The illicit cargo, packed in 65 sacks and valued at approximately Rp2.1 trillion, was seized following a three-month intelligence operation. Authorities are continuing to investigate the vessel's destination, ownership, and the foreign crew, underscoring the state's commitment to combating transnational narcotics trafficking.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:20 WIB
Over 40,000 Affected by Floods After Levee Breach in Myanmar
More than 40,000 people in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady region have been affected by severe flooding following the collapse of the Ngawun River levee on 30 July. The breach, caused by sand boils and land subsidence, has prompted the opening of temporary relief camps and the distribution of food aid. While floodwaters in some urban wards have begun to recede, authorities report that over 146 million kyat has been donated to relief efforts.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:20 WIB
Dream Homes Delayed, Consumer Trust at Stake
The protracted delay in handing over apartment units, particularly in Transit Oriented Development projects, has left thousands of Indonesian consumers in limbo. This situation highlights the critical importance of trust and robust consumer protection in property transactions, where families invest life savings and future plans. The resolution of such disputes is deemed strategically important for maintaining public confidence in national urban development.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:19 WIB
Metro Jaya Police's Water and Air Unit Names Suspect in Illegal Mining Case
The Directorate of Water and Air Police (Ditpolairud) of Polda Metro Jaya has named an individual, identified as RS, as a suspect in an illegal mineral and coal mining case. RS is alleged to have been involved in the sale and transportation of mining commodities that did not originate from a legitimate permit holder. The suspect has been detained and faces multiple charges under Indonesia's Mineral and Coal Mining Law and the Criminal Code.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:19 WIB
West Java Provincial Government Accelerates House Renovation and 3 Million Homes Programme
The West Java provincial government is accelerating its uninhabitable house renovation programme after the central government increased its budget allocation to over Rp960 billion. The funding boost will allow repairs on 48,000 units this year, up from 44,300, with a target of full absorption within five months. Officials stressed that the parallel 3 Million Homes National Strategic Programme must prioritise genuine welfare and be executed with integrity and transparency.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:19 WIB
A Portrait of Dedication: BRI's 'Mantri' Serving the Wakatobi Community
Wa Ode Sitti Rahmatiah Jufri, a female field officer for Bank BRI, faces life-threatening sea crossings and digital blackouts to serve remote island communities in Wakatobi. Her dedication to financial inclusion has seen her brave four-metre waves to ensure fishermen and copra farmers receive business credit. Her efforts have boosted the local customer base by 70 per cent, proving that gender is no barrier to delivering essential banking services in extreme territories.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:18 WIB
Danantara Injects Rp44.5 Trillion Investment to Dominate Asian Meat Market
Indonesia's Danantara Investment Management has committed $2.5 billion to a strategic partnership with Brazilian meat giant JBS Group. The joint venture aims to develop the protein supply chain and boost production, targeting a leading role in the Asian meat market. The collaboration will focus on Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, with Danantara holding a 25 per cent stake.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:16 WIB
Deputy Governor Rano Karno Inspects Fire-Damaged Bapenda Building
Jakarta Deputy Governor Rano Karno visited the fire-damaged Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) building in Central Jakarta, confirming that operations have been temporarily suspended. The Jakarta Provincial Government has prepared alternative workspaces for affected employees while police continue to investigate the cause of the blaze. The fire, which broke out on Friday evening, engulfed several upper floors before being extinguished on Saturday.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:16 WIB
1,000 DKI Bapenda Civil Servants to Work from Cikini and Sub-Department Offices After Fire
The Jakarta provincial government is temporarily relocating approximately 1,000 civil servants following a fire that damaged the Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) building. Governor Pramono Anung confirmed that a building in Cikini, Central Jakarta, will serve as the main temporary office, while staff are initially being dispersed to sub-department offices. The move aims to ensure public services and tax administration continue uninterrupted while the cause of the blaze is investigated.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:15 WIB
Becoming a National Palace Ceremony Paskibraka: Here's the Salary and Bonus
Members of Indonesia's national flag-hoisting squad (Paskibraka) receive government honorariums and bonuses for their service during Independence Day ceremonies. Past national-level members have reportedly received a bonus of Rp10 million and a monthly honorarium of around Rp1.5 million during training, while regional members' pay varies by local policy. Additional rewards, such as scholarships from state-owned enterprises like Pegadaian, have also been provided.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:14 WIB
Palestine stresses protection of archaeological sites
Palestinian Tourism and Antiquities Minister Hani Al-Hayek has underscored the need for national efforts to safeguard archaeological and historical sites, particularly those threatened by Israeli occupation and settler violence. During a tour of sites in the Hebron Governorate, he assessed their condition and discussed strategies for preservation and development. Al-Hayek argued that transforming these sites into vibrant tourist destinations would not only boost the local economy but also strengthen community presence and national focus on their protection.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:13 WIB
Tasikmalaya Health Workers Urged Not to Lack Empathy Towards BPJS Patients
An administrative staff member at Dr Soekardjo Regional General Hospital in Tasikmalaya has resigned after posting a derogatory comment about a BPJS Kesehatan patient on social media. The Chairman of the Tasikmalaya Medical Ethics Honour Council stressed that all hospital employees, not just medical staff, bear a moral responsibility to maintain decorum online. The incident has reignited calls for stronger digital ethics enforcement among public service workers to protect patient dignity and psychological well-being.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:11 WIB
Bright Gas Cooking Competition Held in Tegal to Preserve Nusantara Culinary Heritage
PT Pertamina Patra Niaga hosted the Bright Gas Cooking Competition 2026 regional round in Tegal, attracting hundreds of participants. The event aims to preserve Indonesia's culinary heritage while promoting the use of Bright Gas among households and commercial food businesses. Three winners will represent Tegal at the grand final in Jakarta, competing for a prize package that includes a culinary course at Le Cordon Bleu in Thailand.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:10 WIB
From Fun Walk to Goat Door Prizes: How the Ministry of Immigration and Corrections Celebrated Independence
The Ministry of Immigration and Corrections (Kemenimipas) marked Indonesia's 81st Independence Day with a series of community-focused events in Tangerang, including a fun walk, a clean-up at a heroes' cemetery, and the distribution of social aid. Minister Agus Andrianto emphasised that the celebrations were designed to provide tangible benefits to the public, aligning with President Prabowo Subianto's directive for meaningful participation. The event also showcased products made by prison inmates and featured door prizes such as goats from prison farms.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:09 WIB
Cianjur Regency Government Considers Regional Loan to Accelerate Infrastructure
The Cianjur Regency administration in West Java is exploring a loan from a banking institution to overcome limited regional finances and expedite development. Regent Mohammad Wahyu Ferdian stated the option is legally permissible and is being seriously considered to fund priority sectors. The primary focus of the potential loan would be infrastructure, particularly road repairs and construction.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:08 WIB
East Kalimantan Animal Husbandry Service Trains Farmers to Produce Preserved Feed Ahead of Dry Season
The Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Service (DPKH) of East Kalimantan is training livestock farmers to produce preserved feed as a mitigation strategy against potential shortages during the prolonged dry season. The initiative aims to provide emergency reserves and reduce production costs, as feed typically accounts for 60 to 70 per cent of total livestock expenses. The local government is also constructing a new feed factory in Kutai Kartanegara to lower the cost of commercial concentrates in the long term.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:07 WIB
BPIP Expert Council Views Makkah Defence Pact as a New Awareness
The Makkah Defence Pact between Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan signals a new regional awareness that Middle Eastern security should be increasingly determined by its own nations, according to an Indonesian presidential advisory body. The agreement reflects a shift away from dependence on the United States' security umbrella, driven by recent conflicts and the need to address regional defence capability gaps. The pact was signed on 7 August 2026 by the leaders of the three nations.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:07 WIB
East Kalimantan Hafidz to Represent Indonesia at International MTQ in Morocco
Two young hafidz from East Kalimantan have been selected to represent Indonesia at the Mohammed VI International Prize for the Holy Quran in Rabat, Morocco. Muhammad Andi and Aljuanda Kurniansyah earned their spots after winning national titles in Tafsir and Tahfiz respectively. The provincial government hopes their participation will continue the region's tradition of international success and inspire local youth.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:07 WIB
Pertamina Surpasses Carbon Emission Reduction Target
PT Pertamina (Persero) has exceeded its 2026 carbon emission reduction target by 118 per cent, demonstrating strong progress in its decarbonisation programme. The state-owned energy company also reported that its low-carbon business initiatives and overall ESG governance performance surpassed annual targets. These achievements reinforce Pertamina's position as a global leader in integrated ESG implementation within the oil and gas sector.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:05 WIB
Baznas, Jordan's KHCF partner to boost medical aid for Palestinians
Indonesia's National Alms Agency (Baznas) is strengthening its partnership with Jordan's King Hussein Cancer Foundation (KHCF) to channel over Rp1.7 billion in humanitarian aid for Palestinian healthcare services. The collaboration also includes a long-term initiative to provide higher education scholarships in Indonesia for Palestinian students, focusing on the healthcare sector. Jordan's ambassador to Indonesia welcomed the cooperation and called for a redirection of global funds from armed conflict to life-sustaining humanitarian programmes.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:02 WIB
Police Uncover Synthetic Marijuana Ring in Bekasi, Two Suspects Arrested
Police in Bekasi have dismantled a synthetic marijuana distribution operation, arresting two suspects involved in the production and sale of the drug known locally as 'sinte'. The investigation began with monitoring an Instagram account used for transactions, leading officers to a rented house where the drugs were being manufactured. The suspects face charges under Indonesia's narcotics laws and the new Criminal Code.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:02 WIB
Indonesia’s Baznas expands mosque and pesantren aid programs
Indonesia’s National Alms Agency (Baznas) has distributed 850 million rupiah to develop grocery stores and ultra-micro business programs at pesantrens and mosques in Gresik, East Java. The initiative, which has reached over 10,000 beneficiaries across 35 provinces, aims to foster financial independence and accelerate the grassroots Islamic economy. Coordinating Minister Muhaimin Iskandar emphasised that empowering pesantrens could make them pivotal drivers of poverty reduction and community-based economic development.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:01 WIB
Motorcycle Spare Parts Warehouse Ablaze in Tangerang, Thick Black Smoke Billows
A fire has engulfed a motorcycle spare parts warehouse in the Centra Kosambi industrial estate, Tangerang Regency, Banten. The blaze, reported on Sunday morning, sent thick black smoke into the sky, prompting a large-scale response from local firefighters. Authorities deployed 12 fire engines to the scene to bring the situation under control.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:00 WIB
OJK: Sharia Units of Regional Banks That Spin Off Must Have Assets of IDR 50 Trillion
The Financial Services Authority (OJK) has stipulated that Sharia business units of regional development banks (BPD) seeking to spin off from their parent companies must possess assets of at least IDR 50 trillion or 50 percent of the parent bank's assets. The requirement was outlined during the Regional Bank Summit 2026, where OJK officials also discussed ongoing efforts to strengthen BPD resilience through digitalisation, human resource competency, and the KUB synergy scheme.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 13:00 WIB
Malaysia Airlines Mandates Drug Tests for 1,260 Pilots After Soetta Arrest
Malaysia Airlines has ordered mandatory drug testing for all 1,260 of its pilots following the arrest of one of its co-pilots for attempting to smuggle 26 kilogrammes of ecstasy through Soekarno-Hatta Airport. The airline's parent company, Malaysia Aviation Group (MAG), stated the enhanced screening is an immediate safety measure that exceeds industry standards. Pilots who fail to comply with the testing by the 15 August deadline will be barred from operating flights.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:59 WIB
Turkish FM: New Trilateral Defence Pact Does Not Target Iran
Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan has clarified that the newly signed Makkah Joint Defence Agreement is purely defensive and not aimed at Iran. The pact, signed by Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, mirrors NATO-style collective defence principles. Fidan also indicated that Egypt is a 'natural partner' expected to join the alliance in the next phase.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:59 WIB
Seven Events in Labuan Bajo and Flores in August 2026, from Festivals to Runs
The Labuan Bajo Flores Tourism Authority (BPOLBF) has announced seven events across Labuan Bajo and Flores for August 2026, ranging from cultural and religious festivals to sports and lifestyle activities. The authority aims to use these events to boost the local economy, extend tourist stays, and promote the region as a safe, quality, and sustainable destination. Highlights include the Golo Koe Festival, Komodo Riung Festival, and the Wolobobo Festival.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:58 WIB
Indonesia adopts 3C framework to boost game industry
Indonesia's Communications and Digital Affairs Ministry has introduced a '3C' framework—connectivity, catalyst, and competency—to accelerate the development of the domestic game industry. The initiative includes expanding fibre networks and internet access to 2,000 locations, establishing innovation hubs in 20 regions, and offering digital talent training programmes to all citizens. The strategy underscores the government's commitment to nurturing the digital economy and supporting local game developers.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:58 WIB
Pegadaian Strengthens Indonesia's Gold Bank Ecosystem
State-owned pawnbroker PT Pegadaian is consolidating its position as the leader in Indonesia's gold ecosystem, with total managed gold assets reaching approximately 145 tonnes by April 2026. The growth, including a 152.79 per cent year-on-year surge in gold instalment products, aligns with the government's Asta Cita agenda to bolster the national bullion ecosystem. The company is expanding its digital and physical infrastructure to make gold investment more accessible and secure for the public.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:56 WIB
Indonesia Eyes Market and Investment Gains, Welcomes BRICS Economic Strategy 2030
Indonesia has welcomed the commitment to finalise the Strategy for BRICS Economic Partnership 2030, seeing it as a key to unlocking greater trade and investment opportunities. Trade Minister Budi Santoso emphasised the strategy's role in making the economic partnership more responsive to global dynamics. The BRICS trade ministers also discussed strengthening the multilateral trading system, financing for MSMEs, and digital economic cooperation.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:55 WIB
Pertamina Patra Niaga Supports Terih Village Community in Developing Marine Product Enterprises
Pertamina Patra Niaga is empowering coastal communities in Batam's Kampung Tua Terih through its 'Kampung Bahari Si Pelaut' programme, boosting local incomes by an average of 40 per cent. The initiative has helped fishermen and women's groups transform marine resources into six flagship products, now exported to Malaysia and Singapore. The programme also includes environmental efforts such as mangrove rehabilitation and significant carbon emission reductions.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:54 WIB
The excitement of the pillow fight competition to welcome the 81st Indonesian Independence Day
Residents of Madyopuro in Malang, East Java, held a traditional pillow fight competition over water to celebrate the 81st anniversary of Indonesian independence. The event aimed to strengthen community bonds and the spirit of mutual cooperation. Participants attempted to knock each other off a pole into the water using pillows.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:54 WIB
Indonesian navy seizes 1.3 tons of suspected ketamine
The Indonesian navy has intercepted a vessel carrying 1.3 tonnes of suspected ketamine off Tanjung Berakit, with the illicit cargo estimated to be worth up to US$254.3 million. Officials stated the seizure could prevent drug abuse among 6.5 million people, underscoring the navy's commitment to maritime security and the fight against narcotics smuggling.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:51 WIB
Trust and Capability Key Considerations for Deputy Defence Minister Appointment
The appointment of a new Deputy Minister of Defence is under scrutiny as President Prabowo Subianto is predicted to reshuffle his cabinet in August 2026. Businessman and defence industry professional Norman Joesoef is rumoured to be a candidate, with analysts stressing that the President's prerogative will prioritise trust and capability. Experts argue that a civilian-professional figure is increasingly relevant to address modern hybrid and asymmetric security threats.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:49 WIB
Indonesia Adopts 3C Framework to Boost Game Industry
The Indonesian government is implementing a 3C framework—connectivity, catalyst, and competency—to accelerate the growth of the domestic game industry. Initiatives include expanding fibre optic networks and internet access to 2,000 locations, establishing Garuda Sparks Innovation Hubs in 20 regions, and launching digital talent training programmes. The strategy was outlined during the 2026 National Games Day celebrations in Jakarta.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:48 WIB
Bogor Regent Retrieves 1948 Heritage Flag from Historic Pendopo
Bogor Regent Rudy Susmanto retrieved a heritage flag from 1948 at a historic pendopo in Malasari Village, Nanggung, as part of Indonesia's 81st Independence Day commemorations. The flag was the first sent by the central government to the Bogor administration during the physical revolution and symbolises the region's wartime governance under Regent Raden Ipik Gandamana. The ceremony aimed to rekindle the spirit of the nation's struggle and foster unity among Bogor's diverse communities.
Sun, 09 Aug 2026, 12:44 WIB
The Urgency of Reducing Oil and Gas Methane Emissions in Indonesia
Indonesia faces a significant, underreported challenge with methane emissions from its oil and gas sector, which are estimated to be the highest in Southeast Asia. The country currently lacks a specific, binding regulation covering the full methane emission cycle, relying instead on voluntary commitments. Experts argue Indonesia must learn from nations like Vietnam, the EU, and Canada, which have moved towards science-based, enforceable frameworks with clear targets and penalties.