The separation in 1999 of the police from the Indonesian

The separation in 1999 of the police from the Indonesian
Defense Force (TNI), previously known as the Indonesian Armed
Forces (ABRI), was one of the fruits of the reform government.

The reform, of course, has a far-reaching objective, which is
to create a democratic nation by restructuring the Indonesian
Armed Forces.

In the spirit of reform, the People's Consultative Assembly
issued MPR Decree No VI/2000 and MPR Decree No VII/2000.

The first decree stated that the police should be separated
from the TNI, and the second one stated that the police and the
TNI have to be neutral and should never get themselves involved
in practical politics.

Since then however, there have been clashes between the police
and TNI in several areas in the country.

Seven people were killed in a nine-hour shootout in September
2002 between the army and the police in the Indonesian province
of North Sumatra, while a soldier and a policemen were injured in
a similar incident in South Sulawesi last Dec 4.

The latest gun battle between troops and police, in which a
soldier was shot dead and two people were wounded, was sparked by
a traffic accident in the town of Mempawah in West Kalimantan
province on Tuesday.

Is there any relation between the conflicts and the MPR
decrees?

The answer is, not on the level of political decision but
merely in the field.

In the field, the police is more independent from the TNI and
more superior, while the power of the TNI is declining.

The decline and the increase in power of civilians are
regarded to be the source of the conflicts between the police and
the TNI.

-- Media Indonesia, Jakarta

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ANPAk..r..
Otherops-Russia
Russian elections
JP/6/russia

Russian elections

Despite prospects of the communists facing a natural death,
Russia has taken a step back in democratic developments. Liberal
messages were not high on the agenda; on the contrary, messages
echoing the past were those that brought home the electoral
glory.

Great hopes are being set on a solid majority to facilitate
market economic reforms. It's possible. At the same time question
marks are growing with regards to the future. In Russia, a weak
central power, dominated by the influence of competing oligarchs,
has been replaced by a strong central power with President Putin
as the leading man, but without a clear distinction between the
legislative, executive and sentencing powers. It doesn't look
good.

-- Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm, Sweden