Long-Term Effects of Using Fuel Below Manufacturer Recommendations

JAKARTA – Some vehicle owners continue to choose using fuel with octane ratings lower than those recommended by manufacturers. The reasons that typically emerge are the cheaper price or the greater availability of certain fuel types.

It appears that this habit has the potential to affect engine performance if done continuously over the long term.

According to Tri Yuswidjajanto Zaenuri, an Energy Conservation Expert from the Faculty of Engineering and Aeronautics at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), using fuel with RON (Research Octane Number) lower than recommendations can trigger a detonation phenomenon, commonly known as engine knocking.

Tri explained that detonation occurs because combustion does not follow the process designed by the engine manufacturer. This condition causes the temperature inside the combustion chamber to rise unevenly and can create hot spots on certain components.

If this condition occurs repeatedly over the long term, the risk of engine damage increases. One of the most vulnerable components is the piston, as it is typically made from aluminium, which has a lower melting point compared to steel materials in other components.

“High temperatures that appear locally in the combustion chamber can cause the piston to experience excessive pressure and heat. If this continues, it can gradually accelerate damage to engine components,” said Tri.

In modern cars, there is already technology such as a knock sensor that can detect signs of detonation. The system then adjusts the ignition timing so that combustion remains controlled.

However, such adjustments typically impact engine performance. The power produced can decrease because the ignition system is made safer to prevent damage.

For this reason, Tri recommends vehicle owners follow the fuel specifications determined by the manufacturer. These recommendations are made based on engine characteristics, fuel efficiency, and emission standards that vehicles must meet.