Global Supply Disrupted: Where Does Indonesia Import Fuel From?

The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) has revealed that Singapore and Malaysia remain the main sources of Indonesia’s imported fuel oil (BBM), both for petrol and diesel types. This dependence persists amid government efforts to maintain national energy supplies as the global supply chain faces pressures.

The greatest dependence is on petrol commodities, where imports still dominate national needs fulfilment through 2025 to early 2026. “For petrol oil imports, the most dominant sources are from Singapore and Malaysia, as petrol needs to date still require imports,” said Secretary of the Directorate General of Oil and Gas at the Ministry of ESDM, Muhammad Rizwi Jilanisaf Hisjam, during a hearing with Commission XII of the DPR RI at the Parliamentary Complex, Senayan, Jakarta, on Wednesday (8/4/2026).

Rizwi explained that in 2025, petrol oil imports still dominated around 60.18% of total national needs. Entering 2026 until February, the portion slightly decreased to 59%. National petrol oil needs in 2025 were recorded at 100,986 kilolitres per day. In 2026 until February, the needs slightly decreased to 99,661 kilolitres per day.

In detail, the needs for subsidised petrol type JBKP in 2025 reached 76,932 kilolitres per day. That figure decreased to 74,407 kilolitres per day in 2026 until February.

On the other hand, the needs for general or non-subsidised fuel oil petrol actually increased. In 2025, it was recorded at 24,055 kilolitres per day, then rose to 25,254 kilolitres per day in 2026 until February.

For diesel oil, the government noted better progress in controlling imports. National needs continue to rise, but the import portion has been significantly reduced compared to the previous year.

“For diesel oil, needs are relatively increasing but imports have been reduced from 12.17% in 2025 to just 6.26% in 2026 up to February 2026,” said Rizwi.

National diesel oil needs in 2025 reached 110,932 kilolitres per day. Entering 2026 until February, the needs rose slightly to 111,356 kilolitres per day.

By type, subsidised diesel oil JBT needs in 2025 were 50,466 kilolitres per day. That figure rose to 52,373 kilolitres per day in 2026 until February.

Meanwhile, non-subsidised diesel needs in 2025 were recorded at 60,466 kilolitres per day, then decreased to 58,983 kilolitres per day in 2026 until February. Although the diesel import portion is starting to decline, its import sources still rely on the same countries.

“For its imports, they are also most dominantly from Singapore and Malaysia, both in 2025 and 2026,” said Rizwi.