Falling Birth Rates: Psychologist Reveals Why Many Indonesians Reluctant to Have Children

Indonesia’s declining birth rate or Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is not solely influenced by economic factors. Psychologists suggest that major changes in public attitudes and mental health are also driving this trend. The shift has made the decision to have children increasingly deliberate and personal.

Danti Wulan Manunggal, a psychologist at Ibunda.id, stated that the phenomenon reflects a collective psychological transformation in society. Speaking to journalists on Monday, 2 March 2026, she explained that the declining birth rate cannot be separated from the ongoing mental and social dynamics.

Danti outlined that people’s life orientation has changed significantly. In the past, having children was often regarded as a major life achievement or social obligation. Today, many people prioritise personal development instead. Career, education, and hobbies have become the primary goals people wish to achieve first.

“There is a greater need to pursue career, education, and hobbies. Children are no longer viewed as the sole way to feel complete,” Danti said.

The awareness to determine one’s own happiness is strengthening. Life paths are no longer bound by the same domestic patterns followed by previous generations.

Danti highlighted the emergence of intensive parenting expectations. Prospective parents feel they must provide optimal nutrition, the best education, and attention to their child’s mental health.

“If they feel unable to provide these ideal standards, they choose to delay or not have children at all because they fear failing as good parents,” she explained.

Anxiety and fear of failure are causing some people to wait until they feel truly ready to become parents.