Expert Explanation on the Dangers of Measles Disease
Measles outbreak detected in at least 73 cities across Indonesia
A measles outbreak has been reported across at least 73 cities throughout Indonesia, with case numbers continuing to rise. Parents are advised to remain vigilant and implement various preventive measures to reduce transmission of measles among children.
Dr Meisy Grania Amalinda Salekede, a paediatric specialist, explained that measles is primarily caused by infection with a virus from the Paramyxovirus family. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing or sneezing, as well as through airborne transmission.
“The virus can remain viable in the air or on surfaces for several hours, so children in the same room as an infected person face significant risk of catching the disease if they lack sufficient immunity,” Meisy said on Tuesday, 10 March.
Measles symptoms often begin with signs resembling common flu, but can worsen according to a distinctive pattern starting with persistent high fever. Children experience continuous fever above 38°C for approximately four to seven days. Subsequently, cough, nasal congestion, and reddened eyes (conjunctivitis) develop, with sensitivity to light. Diarrhoea often accompanies these symptoms. After several days of fever, a red rash emerges, starting from the face and neck, typically originating behind the ears. The rash then spreads across the entire body, including hands and feet.
“The rash typically persists for about seven days. Uniquely, as the rash begins to fade, the colour darkens (hyperpigmentation) before eventually peeling and disappearing,” she said.
Dr Meisy explained that many people mistakenly believe measles resolves on its own. However, without proper medical treatment or if a child’s immune system is severely compromised, measles can trigger serious life-threatening complications, including pneumonia or lung infection, which represents the most common cause of death in measles cases.
Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain membrane) can also develop, attacking the central nervous system and potentially causing permanent brain damage. Additionally, severe diarrhoea leading to acute dehydration in infants is possible. “Ultimately, if untreated, measles can cause organ failure resulting in death,” she concluded.
High public mobility, particularly during Eid holiday periods, represents a significant risk factor for measles transmission to children that parents should monitor closely.
The recent surge in measles cases is viewed as an indicator of declining herd immunity within the population.
Depok Health Office Head Devi Maryori emphasised measles prevention through surveillance, immunisation, and public health education.
Measles remains one of communicable disease requiring vigilance, particularly in children. In anticipation of case increases, the Health Ministry has prepared measles vaccination services (MR vaccine) at mudik holiday checkpoints during the 2026 Eid season, especially at airports and ports.
Acting Director General of Disease Control at the Health Ministry, Andi Saguni, urged the public to avoid unnecessarily touching infants to prevent measles transmission. One infected person can transmit the disease to up to 18 other people.
The Health Ministry has reiterated the dangers of measles transmission following the incident in which influencer Ruce Nuenda engaged in outdoor activities whilst ill.