China Removes Import Tariffs on Africa as Trump Tightens US Trade Policy

Amid strict protectionist policies being pursued by US President Donald Trump, China has taken strategic steps to expand its influence on the African continent. Since 1 May 2024, Beijing has officially removed import tariffs on nearly all African countries—a move analysts regard as an attempt to win geopolitical competition against Washington.

This zero-tariff policy applies to 53 of 54 African nations. The sole exception is Eswatini, which continues to maintain diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Under this policy, various commodities ranging from agricultural products such as avocados and coffee to mineral resources can enter the Chinese market without import duties.

Beijing’s move comes as African exports to the United States face increasing pressure. Upon returning to the White House, Trump has implemented an extensive tariff schedule targeting various countries. South Africa, the continent’s largest economy, faces a 30% tariff, whilst the Democratic Republic of Congo has been subjected to a 15% tariff.

Beyond economic pressure, Trump has taken drastic diplomatic steps by shutting down the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and leaving dozens of ambassadorial positions in Africa vacant. Uncertainty also surrounds the future of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), a Clinton-era law that has long granted duty-free market access to sub-Saharan African countries.

For African nations, this policy offers hope for reducing trade deficits. Kenya’s Vice President, Kithure Kindiki, stated that the zero-tariff agreement represents a golden opportunity for flagship products such as macadamia nuts, tea, and coffee to penetrate China’s massive market.

Behind the development partnership narrative, China also has strategic interests in securing supplies of rare minerals. By facilitating trade, Beijing ensures a stable flow of cobalt, copper, and coltan—vital components for global technology and renewable energy industries—remains under its control.