Water Security Alert: BRIN Researcher Reveals Shrinkage of 98 Springs in North Bandung

The phenomenon of declining spring discharge in densely populated areas, particularly in the Bandung Basin, has now reached a worrying point. Researchers from the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) warn that this shrinkage trend threatens national water security due to massive land-use changes in water catchment zones. If not addressed promptly, legendary water sources that have sustained communities for a century are at risk of disappearing. Based on a case study conducted, 98 springs in the KBU have been recorded as experiencing a declining discharge trend. Ironically, this decline also affects historic water sources such as Ciwangun Spring and Cibadak Spring, which have been utilised by residents since 1921. According to Ananta, the main cause of this crisis is the loss of natural infiltration areas due to uncontrolled physical development. “The volcanic hydrogeological characteristics in North Bandung are very unique, where rainwater infiltrates through permeable rocks at elevations of 1,200 to 1,700 metres above sea level. However, the effectiveness of infiltration is disrupted by the loss of natural infiltration areas,” explained Ananta, quoted from the BRIN website. To understand the damage that has occurred, the BRIN research team utilised advanced technology in the form of environmental isotopes and hydrogeochemistry. This technology allows researchers to trace the origin and flow paths of groundwater accurately. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for the government in establishing protection zones that must be kept free from concrete structures. “These findings are a crucial reference for the government in determining areas that must be protected to ensure the sustainability of water resources,” stated Ananta. This technology includes the construction of infiltration wells, biopori, and infiltration ditches designed on a measured basis to direct rainwater back into the aquifer (water-bearing layer). In addition to water issues, Ananta also highlighted the shifting role of earth sciences, which is now being directed to support clean energy, such as the development of natural hydrogen gas to achieve net zero emission targets. However, the current primary focus remains on protecting water catchment zones as a fundamental need for society. Without firm action in spatial planning, maintaining the groundwater balance will be difficult. “Synergy between earth science research and appropriate spatial planning policies is key to maintaining the balance between development and environmental preservation,” emphasised Ananta.