Waisak Day Falls on 31 May: History and Traditions
Waisak is celebrated by Buddhists worldwide, including in Indonesia. Each year, the festival attracts significant attention due to the traditions and events held at Borobudur Temple. However, many remain unaware of what Waisak entails. The celebration has deep historical roots and is closely tied to the life of Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who became the Buddha.
When is Waisak Day in 2026?
Waisak Day will take place on Sunday, 31 May 2026. According to the Joint Decree of Three Ministers, Waisak is designated as a national holiday. The main commemorations are held at Borobudur Temple.
History of Waisak Day
Tracing historical records, pinpointing the origins of Waisak is challenging. The tradition is believed to have existed since the 5th to 6th centuries CE, with references in the travel accounts of Chinese Buddhist monk Faxian, who visited India in the 5th century. Centuries later, modern Waisak celebrations began in Sri Lanka. Despite British colonial rule, the festival was observed annually, though monks held limited ceremonies at temples. Over time, efforts emerged to elevate Waisak to a major observance. Theosophist Henry Steel Olcott played a key role, advocating for its recognition. Since 1844, colonial authorities designated Waisak as an official holiday. This led to more vibrant celebrations spreading globally. In Indonesia, despite numerous Buddhist temples and candis, Waisak observances were not initially widespread. The Dutch East Indies Theosophical Society conducted Waisak practices in 1929-1930, and since 1953, it has become an annual event.
Traditions of Waisak Day
Waisak is not merely a religious holiday but commemorates three sacred events in the Buddha’s life, known as the Tri Suci Waisak. These events are believed to have occurred during the full moon of the Waisak month. The first event is the birth of Prince Siddhartha around 600 BCE, heralding an era of enlightenment for the world. The second is his attainment of enlightenment; after encountering suffering outside the palace—illness, old age, hunger, and death—he meditated under the Bodhi tree, achieving profound wisdom. The third is his passing into Parinibbana at age 80, a state of ultimate liberation from the cycle of birth and death. Today, these events are widely observed. In Indonesia, Waisak is centred at Borobudur Temple, the world’s largest Buddhist monument, attracting thousands of devotees and visitors. Preparations begin weeks in advance with social activities. Leading up to the event, sacred fire and water rituals take place, with fire sourced from the eternal flame at Mrapen and water from Umbul Jumprit in Temanggung, both transported to Borobudur. The climax features a procession from Mendut Temple to Borobudur, culminating in the release of thousands of lanterns on the eve.