US Startup Plans Mirror Satellites to Sell Sunlight, Scientists Fear Light Pollution

Startup Reflect Orbital has moved a step closer to its goal of illuminating the night with reflected sunlight after receiving a license from the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The California-based company plans to launch its first demonstration satellite, named Eärendil-1, later this year.

The satellite is a precursor to a much larger project. Reflect Orbital aims to operate a constellation of at least 50,000 mirror satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) by 2035. The company claims the network will be able to direct sunlight to specific locations on Earth, enabling applications such as illuminating search-and-rescue operations, extending construction site working hours, and boosting the output of solar power farms after dark.

However, the plan has drawn sharp criticism from astronomers and environmentalists. John Barentine, an astronomer at Silverado Hills Observatory in Arizona, warned that the reflected beams would be four times brighter than a full moon and could severely impact wildlife and ecosystems. Scientists are concerned that deploying tens of thousands of reflective satellites will fundamentally alter the appearance of the night sky and introduce a new form of light pollution.

In response, Reflect Orbital stated it has designed safety systems to limit illumination to specific areas, shut off the light rapidly, and avoid sensitive zones such as research observatories and protected habitats. The company also claims the reflected intensity is insufficient to cause fires or eye damage.