Understanding Hepatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and the Latest Prevention Methods for 2026
Hepatitis is often dubbed a “Silent Killer” because sufferers frequently experience no symptoms until severe liver damage has occurred. According to the WHO Global Hepatitis Report 2026, more than 1.3 million deaths occur annually due to complications from hepatitis B and C. In Indonesia, the government is now strengthening early detection strategies through primary care services to suppress the risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Hepatitis is a condition involving inflammation of the liver. This inflammation can disrupt vital liver functions, such as filtering toxins, processing nutrients, and assisting in blood clotting. The causes are diverse, ranging from viral infections (A, B, C, D, and E), excessive alcohol consumption, and the use of certain drugs to autoimmune conditions.
Symptoms of hepatitis can appear suddenly (acute) or develop slowly (chronic). The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia is now integrating hepatitis screening into the Free Health Check-up Programme (CKG). The public can undergo HBsAg testing and early detection of liver fibrosis directly at the nearest Puskesmas to prevent complications at an early stage.
Prevention is better than cure. Practical steps can be taken to mitigate risks. While Hepatitis A and E usually resolve completely without specific treatment, chronic Hepatitis B and C require long-term antiviral treatment to control the virus, even though it may not always be entirely eradicated from the body.
It is advised to undergo testing immediately if you experience jaundice, have a history of blood transfusions, or are planning to become pregnant. In 2026, routine screening services can be utilised at Puskesmas.
Untreated chronic hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis (liver hardening), liver failure, and fatal liver cancer. In observance of World Hepatitis Day 2025, PT Bio Farma (Persero) is supporting national health programmes by actively participating in hepatitis prevention campaigns. Furthermore, as of July 2025, Etana has expanded the reach of Healive, an inactive hepatitis A vaccine proven to be safe and effective.