Trump's New Ambition: What Is a Quantum Computer?

The United States government has launched a strategic move to accelerate the development of high-powered quantum computers, targeted for completion within the next two years, as part of the global technology race with other nations. President Donald Trump signed two executive orders on Monday (22/6) aimed at driving the construction of quantum computers for scientific research while strengthening government system defences against the cyber threats this technology may pose. According to Michael Kratsios, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, the development of the quantum computer is targeted for completion by 2028. “We are confident this target can be met,” he said during a media briefing. Quantum computers operate by exploiting the laws of quantum physics to process information, enabling them to solve highly complex calculations far faster than today’s conventional supercomputers. On one hand, this technology opens up vast opportunities for advances in artificial intelligence, the discovery of new materials, and chemical and pharmaceutical research. On the other, its ability to break current standard encryption systems raises concerns about the risk of more sophisticated cyber attacks. A key point in the orders is the target to migrate core US government computing systems to post-quantum cryptography by 2030 or 2031 at the latest. This measure is intended to keep government data and networks secure even as quantum-based hacking capabilities become more widespread. The policy also directs government agencies to develop plans for deploying quantum-based sensors and networks within the next five years. The US government further affirmed its commitment to strengthening international cooperation on the protection of intellectual property rights and the security of the technology’s supply chain. Previously, the US Department of Commerce announced the provision of USD 2 billion in funding to acquire equity stakes in nine quantum computing companies, including a new venture founded by IBM. This move reinforces America’s position in the race for quantum technology leadership, which is considered a key foundation for future economic and national security superiority.