Study Reveals Depression and Anxiety Increase Risk of Premature Death

Mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety not only affect emotional well-being but are also linked to an increased risk of premature death. A number of studies indicate that these conditions can reduce life expectancy by raising the risk of various chronic diseases and death from unnatural causes. One study published in the journal European Neuropsychopharmacology in 2025 analysed data from 126,573 depression patients in Hong Kong over the period 2002-2021. The research, led by Heidi Ka Ying Lo and team, found that individuals with depression have a higher mortality rate compared to the general population, both from natural diseases and unnatural causes such as suicide. The study estimated that men with depression lose about 5.67 years of life expectancy and women lose 4.06 years. The risk of death by suicide was nearly eight times higher, particularly in the 15–34 age group. However, the majority of deaths were actually caused by physical illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorders, and cancer. These findings align with other research showing that depression and anxiety often coexist with chronic diseases. Prolonged stress can increase cortisol hormone levels, trigger inflammation, disrupt the immune system, and raise the risk of hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. Beyond biological factors, individuals with depression and anxiety also tend to experience sleep disturbances, lack of exercise, smoking, or delays in seeking medical check-ups. The combination of these factors contributes to the increased risk of premature death. Researchers emphasise that this condition can be mitigated through early intervention. Psychological therapy, medication as prescribed by health professionals, regular physical activity, a healthy diet, adequate sleep, and social support have been proven to help improve mental health while reducing the risk of physical illness. Therefore, depression and anxiety should not be viewed merely as emotional problems. Recognising the symptoms early and promptly seeking professional help are important steps to maintaining quality of life and improving long-term life expectancy.