Scientists reveal hidden cell communication networks using new nanoscopy technique

Scientists have developed a new nanoscopy technique that reveals the hidden networks used for intercellular communication, paving the way for new understandings of human diseases. With this breakthrough, researchers can observe how living cells interact with their environment over several days, uncovering three-dimensional behaviours that were previously invisible with conventional microscopes, according to a recent statement released by the Australian National University (ANU).

“Using gentle and label-free imaging, we can finally witness the hidden and dynamic life of cells in real-time and three dimensions,” said senior researcher in this study, Steve Lee from the ANU John Curtin School of Medical Research. “This technique allows for faster and more accurate breakthroughs in how we understand and treat human diseases at the nano scale,” Lee added, noting that the technique avoids the chemical ‘labels’ commonly used in nanoscopy which can damage cells through phototoxicity.

The new nanoscopy method, RO-iSCAT, aims to observe thin, thread-like cell extensions at a nano scale with a resolution that exceeds conventional microscopy, according to the study published in the journal Nature Communications.

Through continuous imaging over several days, these structures were seen to elongate, shrink, and reconnect, forming an intricate network that transfers biochemical messages to neighbouring cells, challenging previous views based on static imagery, the researchers explained. These findings could enhance the understanding of how diseases develop, including investigating how pancreatic cancer cells and human blood vessel cells form numerous ‘tight’ bridges with surrounding networks, potentially aiding tumour growth and treatment resistance. The method could also assist scientists in understanding how viruses move between cells, as some viruses are believed to spread through these cellular bridges. Furthermore, this method may aid in developing more precise drug delivery strategies.