Police Discretion on Shooting Armed Robbers: When Is It Permitted?

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com - Law enforcement officers may shoot armed robbers under specific conditions. When can police shoot armed robbers?

The use of force by police against armed robbers has sparked debate amid rising crime rates. Some regional police officials have even called for ‘shoot on sight’ measures against armed robbers.

The limits on shooting individuals are not only defined by statutory law but also form part of human rights discourse. This is where the debate arises between public safety demands and human rights protections.

National Police Commission commissioner Mohammad Choirul Anam believes strict action against armed robbers is necessary. He stated that the recurring phenomenon of armed robberies, often involving sharp weapons and firearms, requires an extraordinary police response.

“The current context is to combat armed robbery. Strict action is indeed necessary,” Anam told Kompas.com on Monday, 25 May 2026.

In law enforcement practice, he said, police actions must adhere to use-of-force regulations, both national police instruments and global principles.

According to Anam, firearms may only be used by officers in specific situations, particularly when there is a serious threat to the lives of officers or the public.

“One key condition is when officers or the public are endangered, which permits decisive action,” he said.

However, decisive action must not be taken recklessly. Professionalism is key, meaning adherence to legal frameworks and human rights principles.

“We urge the police to be firm yet professional. Professionalism means complying with legal boundaries and human rights principles,” Anam said.