Majority of Indonesia's Population Gen Z and Millennials, Demographic Bonus Not Over Yet

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com — Indonesia’s demographic structure has shown significant changes in recent years. The 2025 Inter-Census Population Survey (SUPAS) records the country’s population at 284.67 million people, with a growth rate that tends to be slowing. Amid this slowdown, the population composition is dominated by young age groups, especially Gen Z and millennials, who form the backbone of the national productive population. “The slowing population growth rate indicates a demographic pattern change that needs to be anticipated in future development planning,” said Amalia during a press conference in Jakarta on Tuesday (5/5/2026). Indonesia’s current population composition is dominated by the working-age group. The SUPAS 2025 results show that around 68.94 percent of the population is in the 15–64 age range. This figure has increased compared to the 2010 Population Census, which was 66.09 percent. This dominance shows that Indonesia’s demographic structure is in a phase supported by the young generation. In addition to Gen Z and millennials, the Post-Gen Z group is also starting to contribute to the population structure, so overall, the young generation dominates the national population. This composition is also reflected in the shrinking child age group (0–14 years), which dropped from 28.87 percent in 2010 to 23.44 percent in 2025, while the elderly age group (65 years and above) increased from 5.04 percent to 7.62 percent. This dominance of working ages marks that Indonesia is still in the demographic bonus phase. In this condition, the number of working-age population is far greater than the non-productive age. An indicator depicting this condition is the dependency ratio. The SUPAS 2025 records a dependency ratio of 45.05. This means that every 100 working-age individuals support around 45 non-productive individuals. This ratio is still below 50, which generally indicates that Indonesia is still enjoying the demographic bonus. In the 2010–2020 period, the dependency ratio even decreased before rising again in 2025.