KPK Identifies Corruption Risks in BPJS Employment Programme Governance

Jakarta (ANTARA) - The Corruption Eradability Commission (KPK) has identified several corruption risks in the governance of the Social Security Administering Body for Employment (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) following a study conducted from March to December 2025.

KPK Deputy for Prevention and Monitoring, Aminudin, explained in a statement confirmed in Jakarta on Wednesday that these risks range from the participant registration process and data management to the claim submission mechanism, all of which require comprehensive governance strengthening.

Meanwhile, KPK Monitoring Director Aida Ratna Zulaiha explained that one of the corruption risks in the operational aspects of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan is the ongoing potential for fraud during the membership registration process by both business entities and workers.

She noted that other risks exist in the membership design for construction services, which risks creating imbalances in protection and vulnerability to irregularities in the payment of Death Benefits (JKM) and Work Accident Benefits (JKK).

“The effectiveness of supervision and the enforcement of sanctions against fraudulent practices still needs to be strengthened. As a manager of public funds, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan also needs to strengthen the implementation of the ‘three lines of defence’ system comprehensively, starting from controls within operational units, strengthening compliance and internal control functions, to independent internal and external audits,” she said.

Additionally, she stated that there are corruption risks in aspects that fall under the authority of the Ministry of Manpower.

According to her, there is still a lack of clarity in the classification of wage earners (PU) and non-wage earners (BPU), as well as the definition of employment relationships, which is deemed to potentially create moral hazard within membership.

On the other hand, she noted that supervision and inspection mechanisms are still considered limited. Furthermore, the regulation of contributions in the construction services sector has not fully considered the level of occupational risk based on duration or contract termination.

Therefore, to close these various loopholes, the KPK recommends strengthening regulations and governance, including the refinement of risk-based ‘Know Your Customer’ (KYC) principles during the registration and claim payment processes for companies and workers.

The KPK also encourages improvements to the membership design for the construction services sector so that contribution amounts consider the duration of work and contract validity to more accurately reflect the actual level of risk.

She added that the KPK emphasises the importance of increasing the quality and integrity of the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan database as the foundation for accurate verification processes. Strengthening internal supervisory functions must also become a priority so that potential fraud can be detected and handled more swiftly.

According to her, all recommendations must be followed up through concrete and measurable action plans. This is because the effectiveness of governance improvements can only be judged successful if implementation truly strengthens the integrity of the employment social security system and provides real benefits to workers.