Indonesian Language Strengthens Role as Instrument of Cultural Diplomacy
The Indonesian language is no longer merely a tool for communication among its citizens, but is beginning to play a role as an instrument of cultural diplomacy on the global stage. In modern diplomatic practice, a nation’s influence is not solely determined by military or economic strength, but also through soft power, one aspect of which is language. Through the Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) programme, the language and culture of Indonesia are introduced to the international community as part of an effort to strengthen the nation’s identity worldwide.
This development was further supported by a significant milestone on 20 November 2023. During the 42nd UNESCO General Conference in Paris, Indonesian was designated as the 10th official language of the UNESCO General Conference. This achievement was the result of a lengthy diplomatic process and signifies international recognition of the Indonesian language’s role. Furthermore, Indonesian is the only language from the Southeast Asian region to have obtained this status.
The development of the BIPA programme in recent years has also shown a positive trend. In 2020, the programme was present in 29 countries. By December 2024, its reach had expanded to 56 countries with 530 organising institutions spread across various parts of the world. This increase in the number of institutions is in line with the growing number of learners. In 2023, approximately 154,000 foreign nationals were recorded as studying Indonesian. A year later, that number rose to around 198,000. This data indicates that interest in Indonesia is not only driven by the tourism sector but is also growing in the fields of education, culture, and professional needs.
One of the programme’s strengths lies in its learning approach, which does not focus solely on linguistic aspects but also introduces Indonesian culture. Consequently, learners not only grasp grammar and vocabulary but also gain experience regarding the cultural values that underpin the use of the language. In South Korea, for instance, some BIPA classes integrate language learning with activities such as batik making and playing the gamelan as part of the learning process.
Another initiative being developed is the concept of the BIPA Village. Through this programme, the learning process does not only take place in the classroom but is also conducted directly within a community setting. Learners can stay in homestays, interact with residents, and participate in daily activities such as cooking traditional food, farming, and learning about local customs. This approach provides a more contextual learning experience while strengthening their understanding of Indonesian culture.
The government is also targeting for Indonesian to become an official language of the United Nations by 2045, coinciding with the centenary of Indonesia’s independence. This target is certainly a commendable step, but it requires thorough preparation to be realised. One of the challenges still faced is the availability of qualified BIPA teachers. The growth in the number of learners must be matched by an increase in the number of teachers who possess competence and certification. Furthermore, the placement of teachers abroad requires budgetary support and a complex selection process. Therefore, strengthening certification programmes and developing teacher competencies at higher education institutions are steps that need to be prioritised.
On the other hand, attention must also be paid to the implementation of language policies at home. Efforts to expand the use of Indonesian internationally will be stronger if accompanied by a consistent commitment to implementing national regulations. For example, the enforcement of provisions regarding the use of the Indonesian language and the language proficiency development for foreign workers still requires more optimal supervision. Strengthening the implementation of these policies is important so that the internationalisation of the Indonesian language proceeds in tandem with respect for its status within the country.