Genetic Factors Not the Main Cause of Obesity, Says Nutritionist

Clinical nutrition specialist Dr. Maryam, Sp.GK, has stated that genetic factors are not the primary cause of obesity, estimating their influence at less than 20 per cent compared to other factors such as lifestyle and environment. “Don’t assume, ‘Doctor, everyone in my family is overweight, so it seems impossible for me to lose weight.’ Genetics can play a role, but it’s not even 20 per cent,” Maryam said during the Bamed Seminar Media event titled “Comprehensive Aesthetic and Wellness: Integrated and holistic approach to better wellbeing” in Jakarta on Thursday. According to the University of Indonesia graduate, obesity is a condition influenced by various factors, ranging from physical, metabolic, and hormonal aspects to psychological and genetic ones. However, modifiable factors such as diet, physical activity, and lifestyle play a crucial role in weight management. Maryam explained that obesity is not only linked to an increased risk of metabolic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and cholesterol disorders, but can also affect reproductive health and fertility. Additionally, obesity is associated with various psychological issues, including depression, body image disorders, low self-esteem, and eating disorders. She added that the impact of obesity is also felt in economic and productivity aspects, thereby affecting a person’s overall quality of life. Maryam further clarified that obesity is not simply measured by body weight, but relates to body composition, particularly the amount of body fat. “Obesity is not excess body weight, but excess body fat,” she said. She cited the example of someone who may appear slim but has a high body fat percentage, a condition known as “skinny fat”. Therefore, she noted, efforts to achieve an ideal body weight must be personalised and based on objective measurements to ensure that weight loss does not excessively reduce muscle mass.