4 Signs of Kidney Damage Visible During Urination

The kidneys function as vital organs that filter blood and maintain fluid and chemical balance in the body. These organs filter metabolic waste and toxins from the blood, then expel them in the form of urine. When their function declines, the kidneys are no longer effective at filtering toxins from the body. As a result, toxins will continue to accumulate and can be fatal. In Indonesia, the trend of kidney disorder cases shows an alarming increase. A 2024 report recorded that more than 1.5 million people experienced kidney failure throughout 2023, with a healthcare financing burden reaching Rp2.92 trillion. Problematic kidneys can actually be detected from the urine that is expelled. Normal urine colour ranges from pale yellow to dark yellow, depending on the body’s hydration. 1. Foamy urine Foamy and bubbly urine, similar to the foam on beer, which does not disappear quickly even after flushing, can be a serious indicator of kidney disease. According to the American Kidney Fund, this condition indicates the presence of proteinuria (protein in the urine). Damaged kidney filters (glomeruli) allow protein, which should remain in the blood, to leak into the urine. 2. Change in urine colour Urine that is red, pink, or brown can indicate haematuria (blood in the urine), which often means damaged filters or the presence of stones, infection, or serious kidney disease. Cloudy urine can indicate an infection, while dark brown urine, like coffee or tea, can indicate severe kidney dysfunction or waste accumulation. 3. Change in urination frequency One of the most common signs of acute kidney failure is urinating far less than usual. This occurs because the kidneys fail to filter fluid from the body. Additionally, frequently waking up to urinate at night can be an early sign of kidney damage. In severe and advanced cases of kidney failure, a total cessation of urine production may occur. 4. Smelly urine A pungent and unusual odour can occur when toxins accumulate in the body and are expelled, a condition known as uraemia.