Indonesia reports over 1,000 crocodile attacks and 486 deaths between 2013–2023, the highest rate globally, with actual figures potentially reaching 200 attacks and 120 deaths annually when accounting for underreported regions. Illegal tin mining is the primary driver, destroying natural habitats in the Bangka-Belitung islands and forcing crocodiles to seek food in human-inhabited areas, a problem that has escalated since Indonesia's 1998 democratisation and 2001 legislation granting mining righ