What we can learn from South Africa

Ten years ago, this day, South Africa was re-born as a multiracial democracy after a long and bloody struggle. When the black majority obtained its liberation from apartheid -- a uniquely unjust system under which the color of the skin officially determined the status of a citizen -- it was feared that South Africa would be drowned in a terrible bloodbath.

But contrary to expectations, the political transition proved to be more peaceful and orderly than in many other African states. For this the South Africans have to thank the sagacity and statesmanship of their leader, Nelson Mandela, who is now recognized as an icon of peace the world over.

Although incarcerated as a political prisoner for 27 years by the white racist regime in Pretoria, Mandela walked out of the Robben Island prison remarkably free of the bitterness, anger and vindictiveness.

South Africa holds out many lessons for Third World countries, including Pakistan, many of which continue to be troubled by the consequences of their mismanaged post-independence transition.

What emerges clearly from the South African experience is that the caliber of leadership determines the future of a society. Mandela provided the inspiration and guidance to his people which gave them strength and the will to launch a struggle of another kind -- for economic, political and social development.

He helped to heal their wounds for which he set up the truth and reconciliation commission, the first experiment of its kind. Vindictiveness was alien concept to him, and that is why the commission granted amnesty to 1,200 people.

-- The Dawn, Karachi