It is now or never for Indonesia electronics industry
Zakki P. Hakim, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta
Over the last three decades, major Asian countries have managed to improve exports from basic manufacturing products to more sophisticated goods, with one major exception -- Indonesia.
Aside from natural resource-based products, Indonesia's top manufacturing exports still revolve around textiles, clothing and footwear.
While China, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines have been shifting their exports to high-technology products, this country has fallen by the wayside in the global supply chain with respect to high-technology electronics parts and components.
However, the production of electronic goods has been on the increase and they were Indonesia's second-largest non-oil and gas export last year, bringing in around US$7.6 billion to the country. But the figure is still a mere 3 percent compared to the estimated combined ASEAN total of $225 billion for the period.
Facing such a lucrative global electronics market -- with current annual growth reaching 20 percent -- consumer electronics manufacturers in the country have set a target to double their exports to $15 billion during the next five years.
"Even if we managed to double the exports, the figure will still be less than 10 percent of the current total regional exports," said Rachmat Gobel, Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin) vice chairman for industry, technology and trade.
"But we have to start now. Otherwise, neighboring countries like Thailand and even Vietnam are more than ready to take over investment opportunities," said Rachmat, who is also chairman of the Electronics Association (Gabel).
Speaking to The Jakarta Post, he said Indonesia as the fourth- most populous country in the world had always been attractive to investors and much of its current annual growth of 4 percent to 5 percent was due to domestic consumption.
Indonesians purchasing power per capita had also improved to slightly over $1,000 last year from an average of $600 during late-1990s economic crisis, he said.
While Indonesians remain poor compared to people in developed countries, 33 million low-income families managed to annually buy 1.4 million simple radio cassette players, 4.5 million 14-inch and 21-inch televisions, 3.7 million irons, 3.3 million fans and 1.9 million water pumps.
Some 23 million families from the middle to upper income bracket have annually bought two million single-door refrigerators and 1.7 million washing machines and air conditioners.
The stronger consumer demand expected to accompany the increased purchasing power, Rachmat said, would be more than enough to support the development of a domestic electronics industry and increase sales of locally produced goods in the domestic market from Rp 9 trillion (US$971.4 million) to Rp 37 trillion during the next five years.
The numbers coincide with the expansion of locally produced electronics from 54 percent of the domestic market share to 75 percent, according a document obtained by the Post -- Gabel's Vision 2010 Electronics Industry Development Strategy in Indonesia.
Rachmat said the industry needed fresh investment of up to $1.48 billion to double exports and $596.16 million to multiply production for the local market.
The investment, he said, should be prioritized for the development of high technology and digital electronic products such as automatic washing machines, bigger refrigerators and 29 inch televisions.
"By 2010, we have to have cell phones, digicam and flat screen televisions including plasma and liquid crystal models, being produced here," he said.
Major pre-conditions of attracting investment were to have a strong support industry for the electronics sector, harmonized industrial and product standards and competent human resources, he said.
Minister of Trade Mari E. Pangestu has stressed that her government wanted the country's electronics sector to grow in line with the rest of East Asia.
However, the government did not include the sector in its top- 10 priority industries in recent planning. Mari told the Post that the government would adjust the plan by having a trade, investment and industrial strategy.
Rachmat said such a strategy was needed soon or the country would "end up producing low-tech electronic goods forever."
He said that over centuries the world's industrial center had moved from region to region, and today it was in East Asia with China at its center.
"Opportunities like this do not even come twice in every 30 years. It is now or never," he said.