How to avoid genital warts

Dear Dr. Donya,

I have recurring genital warts and heard that there is connection between this condition and cervical cancer. I would like to ask:

1. How can I avoid getting genital warts?

2. How can I avoid developing cervical cancer?

-- A reader

Dear Reader,

1. A genital wart (human papilloma virus/HPV) is contracted through sexual intercourse, and while a sure way not to contract HPV is to avoid having sex, there are other preventive methods.

As with the prevention of any sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), practice safe sex. Limit the number of sexual partners -- obviously, a monogamous relationship is best -- and use a latex condom.

Be sure that you and your partner both get blood tests before you engage in an intimate relationship. As you have developed HPV, however, you should both get tested again. If you have been with more than one partner over the past year, be sure to inform them of your condition and urge them to get tested for STDs, too.

Remember that matters of the heart and trust are another thing entirely -- medical tests cannot lie.

2. Pap smears, which should be done every year, can detect early signs of abnormal cells. Women who smoke are more likely to develop abnormal cells on their cervix, but other conditions, including genetic heredity, environment and certain ingredients in birth control pills, as well as STDs, can contribute.

Be sure to obtain detailed literature on both STDs and cervical cancer from your gynecologist, who knows your medical history. Or, if you prefer anonymity, visit a private women's clinic for tests and advice.

-- Dr. Donya