{
    "success": true,
    "data": {
        "id": 1972815,
        "msgid": "understanding-pm2-5-the-invisible-threat-behind-forest-fire-haze-1789055794",
        "date": "2026-09-10 22:15:00",
        "title": "Understanding PM2.5: The Invisible Threat Behind Forest Fire Haze",
        "author": "Putri Rosmalia",
        "source": "MEDIA_INDONESIA",
        "tags": "",
        "topic": "Social Policy",
        "summary": "This article explains the dangers of PM2.5 particles produced during forest and land fires, highlighting their ability to penetrate deep into the human respiratory system. It provides guidance on monitoring air quality and practical steps to minimise health risks during haze episodes.",
        "content": "<p>PM2.5 is an abbreviation for Particulate Matter 2.5, which refers to\nair particles measuring no more than 2.5 micrometres. For comparison,\nthe average diameter of a human hair is between 50 and 70 micrometres.\nThis means PM2.5 particles are approximately 30 times smaller than the\nwidth of a human hair.<\/p>\n<p>Due to their microscopic size, these particles cannot be seen with\nthe naked eye. In the context of forest and land fires (karhutla), PM2.5\nis formed from the incomplete combustion of organic materials such as\nwood, peat, and forest litter. These particles float in the air for\nextended periods and can travel hundreds to thousands of kilometres from\nthe fire source.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike larger dust particles (such as PM10) which are typically\nfiltered by nasal hair or the throat, PM2.5 has the ability to penetrate\nmuch deeper into the human body. This is why PM2.5 is a primary concern\nfor medical professionals.<\/p>\n<p>Exposure to PM2.5, in both the short and long term, can trigger\nvarious serious health problems, including respiratory infections (ISPA)\nand heart disease. Repeated exposure to forest fire smoke not only\ndisrupts breathing but also increases the risk of lung cancer due to\nmicro-particles settling in the alveoli.<\/p>\n<p>Air quality is declared \u201cUnhealthy\u201d if PM2.5 concentrations exceed\nthe thresholds set by environmental authorities, such as BMKG or KLHK in\nIndonesia. It is essential to constantly monitor the Air Pollution\nStandard Index (ISPU) in your area.<\/p>\n<p>Given the significant dangers, here are practical steps to minimise\nPM2.5 exposure: learn strategies for preparedness when facing haze,\nranging from preparing medical supplies and monitoring air quality to\nimplementing health protection measures.<\/p>",
        "url": "https:\/\/jawawa.id\/newsitem\/understanding-pm2-5-the-invisible-threat-behind-forest-fire-haze-1789055794",
        "image": ""
    },
    "sponsor": "Okusi Associates",
    "sponsor_url": "https:\/\/okusiassociates.com"
}