As is known, this cultural parade showcases the Mahkota Binokasih\nSanghyang Pake, the coronation crown of the Sunda kings, made in the\nGaluh Kingdom and now kept at the Museum Prabu Geusan Ulun in\nSumedang.<\/p>\n
Pre-Tarumanagara Period<\/p>\n
The Sunda region refers to the area stretching from the western tip\nof Java Island, now known as Banten Province, followed by the area now\ncalled the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, to parts of the area now\ncalled Central Java Province from the northern coast of Brebes to the\nsouthern coast of Cilacap. What kingdoms once existed in this Sunda\nregion?<\/p>\n
A Chinese record from the year 132 mentions that King Pien of the\nYe-tiao kingdom lent his golden seal and purple ribbon to Maharaja\nTiao-pien. According to G. Ferrand, a French historian, Ye-Tiao is the\nname given by the Chinese for Yawadwipa, while Tiao-pien is the Chinese\npronunciation of the Sanskrit name Dewawarman (Krom, 1931: 61-62).<\/p>\n
The Wangsakerta manuscript reports the existence of the Dewawarman\nDynasty complete with its reign in the Salakanagara Kingdom from the\nbeginning of the Christian era, which is historically difficult to\nprove. However, based on the principle put forward by Gilbert Garraghan\n(1956), it is stated that in the absence of sources, secondary sources\nlike this can be used, although considered very weak evidence, until new\nevidence is found.<\/p>\n
Tarumanagara Kingdom<\/p>\n
The first centre of power in the Sunda region, which has evidence in\nthe form of primary sources such as inscriptions about its existence,\nand also one of the earliest in the Archipelago, is the Tarumanagara\nKingdom. To this day, the famous Tarumanagara king known is Purnawarman.\nWritten sources reporting on Tarumanagara are Chinese records, from\nFa-hsien in 414, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, as well as seven stone\ninscriptions.<\/p>\n
In 414, a Chinese monk returning from a pilgrimage to India had his\nship caught in a storm and stranded in a place called Ye-po-ti.\nAccording to the monk Fa-hsien, in Ye-po-ti there were few Buddhists.\nThey were generally Brahmins, and more followed \u201cimpure\u201d religions.\nFurthermore, records from the Sui Dynasty mention that in 528 and 535,\nenvoys came from T\u2019o-lo-mo located in the south.<\/p>\n
Meanwhile, sources from the Tang Dynasty also mention that in 666 and\n669, envoys came from T\u2019o-lo-mo (Moens, 1937: 363). It can be confirmed\nthat T\u2019o-lo-mo is a place name in the Sunda region. Because from the\nfifth century, a number of archaeological remains related to\nTarumanagara were found, it is not wrong if the term T\u2019o-lo-mo is\nadjusted to Taruma(nagara) (Poerbatjaraka, 1951: 28).<\/p>\n
Other sources in the form of inscriptions found in distant areas,\nfrom Batu Tumbuh hamlet in North Jakarta (one), through the Ciampea\narea, Bogor (five), and to Cidanghiang in the Pandeglang area, Banten\n(one). The seven inscriptions are the Ciaruteun Inscription (Ciampea,\nBogor) located on the edge of the Ciaruteun River near the mouth of the\nCisadane; the Kebon Kopi Inscription located in Muara Hilir hamlet,\nCibungbulang; the Pasir Koleangkak Inscription located in the rubber\nplantation area of Jambu (Nanggung District, Bogor); the Tugu\nInscription found in Batu Tumbuh hamlet, North Jakarta (Krom, 1915: 19).\nThe Cidanghiang or Lebak Inscription found in Lebak hamlet (Munjul\nDistrict, Pandeglang); the Muara Cianten Inscription; and the Pasir Awi\nInscription (Krom, 1931: 28, 32).<\/p>\n
Looking at the distribution of inscriptions, it can be estimated that\nthe influence of the Tarumanagara Kingdom during Purnawarman\u2019s reign at\nleast covered parts of the Sunda region from Pandeglang Regency,\nCisadane-Tangerang in the west, Bogor Regency in the south, Jakarta area\nin the north, Bekasi and Karawang areas in the east (Soeroso, 2002: 1).\nThe centre of the kingdom or palace of Tarumanagara has not been known\nfor certain until now. Poerbatjaraka places the Tarumanagara Kingdom\nbetween areas drained by the Citarum River, and land east of the\nCisadane, namely Karawang, Bogor, and Jakarta.<\/p>\n
Even by analysing the word \u201cChandrabhaga\u201d consisting of two words\neach \u201cchandra\u201d and \u201cbhaga\u201d, it is finally confirmed that the kingdom\u2019s\ncentre is not far from the Bekasi River (Poerbatjaraka, 1951: 12-15). On\nthe other hand, Verstappen and Noorduyn state that from a morphological\nperspective, Lagoa (now Lagoa subdistrict, North Jakarta), where the\nTugu inscription was found, better meets the criteria as the location of\nTarumanagara\u2019s capital (Verstappen, 1928: 228-307).<\/p>\n
Sunda Kingdom<\/p>\n
In the Kebonkopi II inscription, the sentence \u201cbarpulihkan haji\nsunda\u201d is written, which other translations are: \u201crestoration of power\nto the Sunda King\u201d. In the Pustaka Pararatwan i Bhumi Jawadwipa parwa I\nsarga 3 page 79 manuscript, regarding \u201cSunda\u201d it is explained as\nfollows:<\/p>\n
\u2026. \/ telas karuhun hana ngaran desya sunda \/ tathapi ri sawaka ring\nrajya taruma \/\/ tekwan ring usana kangken ngaran kitha sundapura\/\/<\/p>\n
Translation: \u2018Indeed, in the past there was a name for the Sunda\nregion but it became a subordinate of the Taruma kingdom. In the past it\nwas named Sundapura (Sunda City)\u2019.<\/p>\n
In 669 AD, Sri Maharaja Linggawarman, the twelfth king of\nTarumanagara, ended his rule. As his successor, Sang Tarusbawa, the\nson-in-law of Sri Maharaja Linggawarman, who married his daughter named\nDewi Manasih. The younger sister of Dewi Manasih, namely Dewi\nSobakancana, was married to Dapuntahyang Sri Jayanasa, the king of\nSrivijaya.<\/p>\n
The end of Sri Maharaja Linggawarman\u2019s reign also marked the end of\nthe Warman Dynasty\u2019s power in Tarumanagara because the name of the\nkingdom was changed by Sri Maharaja Tarusbawa to the Sunda Kingdom. The\nchange of the kingdom\u2019s name was caused by Sang Tarusbawa feeling the\nneed to immortalise t<\/p>", "url": "https:\/\/jawawa.id\/newsitem\/kingdoms-in-the-sunda-region-1778507581", "image": "" }, "sponsor": "Okusi Associates", "sponsor_url": "https:\/\/okusiassociates.com" }