The government has released a status report on biodiversity in the\nBali-Nusa Tenggara, Java, Maluku, and Papua regions. The latest research\nfindings serve as a prerequisite for formulating adaptive, measurable,\nand effective policies. The biodiversity status document provides a\nscientific basis to support development planning, natural resource\nmanagement, and evidence-based decision-making, while strengthening the\nimplementation of the IBSAP 2025\u20132045 as a roadmap for biodiversity\nmanagement towards a Golden Indonesia 2045.<\/p>\n
Director of Environment at the Ministry of National Development\nPlanning\/Bappenas, Nizhar Marizi, stated that biodiversity data can\nstrengthen spatial planning in the National Medium-Term Development Plan\n(RPJMN), ensuring regional development is based on local biodiversity\npotential. This data can also be utilised in drafting spatial plans\n(RTRW) and provide comprehensive guidelines for determining spatial\nfunctions. \u201cBiodiversity data can be integrated into the preparation of\nstrategic environmental assessments, environmental management and\nprotection plans, and regional biodiversity profiles, which will become\nmodalities in the regional biodiversity management master plan,\u201d Nizhar\nsaid during a media gathering in Jakarta on Friday.<\/p>\n
Beyond its high richness, the research also found that biodiversity\nin the Bali\u2013Nusa Tenggara, Java, Maluku, and Papua regions is\novershadowed by significant environmental threats. Andes Hamuraby Rozak,\nHead of the Research Organisation for Life Sciences and Environment at\nthe National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), detailed various\nchallenges in each region. In Java, these include land subsidence,\nparticularly in Jakarta, tidal flooding on the north coast, rapid land\nconversion, the Trans-Java toll road, urban sprawl, and sand mining on\nMount Merapi. \u201cWildlife trade, overtourism, and zoonotic diseases are\nalso serious challenges,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n
In Bali\u2013Nusa Tenggara, the threat of primary forest deforestation in\nBali and West Nusa Tenggara, and secondary forest loss in East Nusa\nTenggara, continues to loom. Other issues include mass tourism, marine\nplastic pollution, illegal gold mining, and turtle trade. Invasive\nsavanna species, rabies, and anthrax are also still found in the region.\nIn Maluku, nickel mining expansion, deforestation of mountainous areas,\ntrade in parrots, climate change, overfishing, invasive flora,\npollution, and land conversion are prevalent. In Papua, deforestation\nand land conversion for industrial timber plantations, oil palm, roads,\nand mining are ongoing. The report notes 64 flora species and 23\nvertebrate species are critically endangered, alongside coral bleaching\nin Waigeo, coastal pollution, and roads opening access for wildlife\npoaching.<\/p>\n
Based on the biodiversity status, Java is one of Indonesia\u2019s\nimportant biodiversity centres, with at least 12,819 terrestrial flora\nspecies, comprising 9,493 seed plants, 3,266 spore-bearing plants, and\n601 endemic seed plant species. Its location on the Sunda Shelf,\ninfluenced by the Ring of Fire\u2019s geological dynamics, makes Java a\ncentre of endemism and evolution. The region also possesses rich coastal\nand marine ecosystems, including 11 seagrass species, 493 coral species\nin the Java Sea, and 400 coral species in the Indian Ocean. Java is a\nhabitat for iconic species such as the Javan rhino, with only about 79\nindividuals remaining in Ujung Kulon National Park, and the Javan\nhawk-eagle, with an estimated population of around 511 pairs, reflecting\nthe island\u2019s high ecological value and the critical importance of\nconservation and research.<\/p>\n
The Bali-Nusa Tenggara region, part of the Wallacea area, hosts at\nleast 3,459 flora species, 560 bird species, 137 mammal species, 76\nreptile species, 868 marine fish species, and various other biota,\nincluding 1,202 mollusc species, 328 crustaceans, and 323 cnidarians.\nThis region has a spermatophyte endemism rate reaching 55%, the highest\ncompared to other regions like Java and Papua, and is home to iconic\nspecies such as the Komodo dragon, Bali starling, and Timor deer. As a\nbiogeographical transition zone between Asia and Australasia, Bali\u2013Nusa\nTenggara is one of Indonesia\u2019s most important centres for evolution,\nspeciation, and endemism, holding strategic value for conservation and\nsustainable development.<\/p>\n
Maluku, consisting of approximately 2,397 islands, is one of\nIndonesia\u2019s most important biodiversity centres. Situated between the\nWallace and Weber Lines, this region is a unique biogeographical\ntransition zone blending Asian and Australasian flora and fauna, and is\npart of the Coral Triangle, the world\u2019s centre of marine biodiversity.\nMaluku is recorded as having 4,383 plant species, including 17 new seed\nplant species discovered in the last decade, 437 bird species with 126\nendemics, and 564 reef-building coral species, representing about 67.9%\nof the world\u2019s total coral species. This wealth makes Maluku a habitat\nfor various endemic and iconic species, including the Moluccan cockatoo,\nand a strategic area for conservation, scientific development, and\nsustainable archipelagic biodiversity management.<\/p>\n
Papua is one of the world\u2019s most important biodiversity centres with\na very high level of endemism. The region has been identified as having\nat least 7,994 species of flora and macrofungi, and 7,179 species of\nfauna, including 703 bird species, 250 mammal species, and 413 reptile\nspecies.<\/p>", "url": "https:\/\/jawawa.id\/newsitem\/indonesias-biodiversity-status-javan-rhino-population-dwindles-to-79-1784292686", "image": "" }, "sponsor": "Okusi Associates", "sponsor_url": "https:\/\/okusiassociates.com" }